Test
of English as a Foreign Language disingkat TOEFL adalah
ujian
kemampuan berbahasa Inggris (logat Amerika) yang diperlukan untuk
mendaftar masuk ke universitas di Amerika Serikat atau negara-negara
lain di dunia. Ujian
ini sangat diperlukan bagi pendaftar atau pembicara yang bahasa asalnya
bukan bahasa inggris. Ujian TOEFL ini diselenggarakan oleh kantor
ETS (Educational Testing Service) di Amerika Serikat untuk semua peserta tes di seluruh dunia.
Jenis tes bahasa
Inggris TOEFL ini pada umumnya diperlukan untuk persyaratan masuk kuliah pada
hampir semua universitas di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada baik untuk program undergraduate (S-1)
maupun graduate (S-2 atau S-3). Hasil tes TOEFL ini juga
dipakai sebagai bahan pertimbangan mengenai kemampuan bahasa Inggris dari calon
mahasiswa yang mendaftar ke universitas di negara lain, termasuk universitas di
Eropa dan Australia. Secara umum, tes TOEFL lebih berorientasi kepada American
English, dan sedikit berbeda dengan jenis tes IELTS yang
berorientasi kepada British English. Tidak seperti tes IELTS,
tes TOEFL ini pada umumnya tidak mempunyai bagian individual interview
test. Selain itu TOEFL pada dewasa ini sudah mulai digunakan dalam dunia
kerja sebagai salah satu mekanisme rekruitment atau jenjang kenaikan pangkat.
Biasanya tes ini
memakan waktu sekitar tiga jam dan diselenggarakan dalam 4 bagian, yaitu
bagian:
·
listening
comprehension,
·
grammar structure and
written expression,
·
reading
comprehension, dan bagian
·
writing.
Structure and Written Expression
Skill 3 : APPOSITIVES
Appositive dapat menjadi pengecoh dalam
mengetahui subjek pada sebuah kalimat dalam tes TOEFL bagian structure. Appositive merupakan
sebuah kata benda yang datang setelah kata benda lainnya yang mempunyai arti
sama.
Contoh soal tes TOEFL terkait penggunaan appositive 1
_____, George, is attending the lecture.
a) Right now
b) Happily
c) Because of the time
d) My friend
_____, George, is attending the lecture.
a) Right now
b) Happily
c) Because of the time
d) My friend
Penggunaan koma di atas memberitahu kita
bahwa "George" bukanlah merupakan subject dari kalimat. George
merupakan appositive. Olehnya jawaban yang kita butuhkan yaitu sebuah subject
untuk melengkapi kalimat di atas. Right now (adverb), happily (adverb), dan
because of the time (adverb) tidaklah bisa menjadi subjek. Jadi, jawaban
yang paling tepat yaitu bagian d -my friend (noun).
Contoh Soal :
Each of the following sentences contains an appositive.
Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice. Circle the appositive phrases.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
_______1. The son of the previous owner, the new owner is under takingsome fairly broad changes in management policy.
_______2. Last semester, a friend, graduated cum laude from the university.
_______3. Valentine's Day, February 14, is a special holiday for sweethearts.
_______4. At long last, the chief executive officer, has decided to step down.
_______5. Tonight's supper, leftovers from last night, did not taste any better tonight than last night.
_______6. The only entrance to the closet, the door was kept locked at all times.
_______7. In the cold of winter, a wall heating unit, would not turn on.
_______8. The new tile pattern, yellow flowers on a white background, really brightens up the room.
_______9. The high-powered computer the most powerful machine of its type, was finally readied for use.
_______10. A longtime friend and confident, the psycologist was often invited over for Sunday dinner.
_______1. The son of the previous owner, the new owner is under takingsome fairly broad changes in management policy.
_______2. Last semester, a friend, graduated cum laude from the university.
_______3. Valentine's Day, February 14, is a special holiday for sweethearts.
_______4. At long last, the chief executive officer, has decided to step down.
_______5. Tonight's supper, leftovers from last night, did not taste any better tonight than last night.
_______6. The only entrance to the closet, the door was kept locked at all times.
_______7. In the cold of winter, a wall heating unit, would not turn on.
_______8. The new tile pattern, yellow flowers on a white background, really brightens up the room.
_______9. The high-powered computer the most powerful machine of its type, was finally readied for use.
_______10. A longtime friend and confident, the psycologist was often invited over for Sunday dinner.
Kunci Jawaban
____C___1. The son of the previous owner, the
new owner is under takingsome fairly broad changes in management policy.
____I___2. Last semester, a friend, graduated cum laude from the university.
____C___3. Valentine's Day, February 14, is a special holiday for sweethearts.
____I___4. At long last, the chief executive officer, has decided to step down.
____C___5. Tonight's supper, leftovers from last night, did not taste any better tonight than last night.
___C____6. The only entrance to the closet, the door was kept locked at all times.
___I____7. In the cold of winter, a wall heating unit, would not turn on.
____C___8. The new tile pattern, yellow flowers on a white background, really brightens up the room.
___I____9. The high-powered computer the most powerful machine of its type, was finally readied for use.
___C____10. A longtime friend and confident, the psycologist was often invited over for Sunday dinner.
____I___2. Last semester, a friend, graduated cum laude from the university.
____C___3. Valentine's Day, February 14, is a special holiday for sweethearts.
____I___4. At long last, the chief executive officer, has decided to step down.
____C___5. Tonight's supper, leftovers from last night, did not taste any better tonight than last night.
___C____6. The only entrance to the closet, the door was kept locked at all times.
___I____7. In the cold of winter, a wall heating unit, would not turn on.
____C___8. The new tile pattern, yellow flowers on a white background, really brightens up the room.
___I____9. The high-powered computer the most powerful machine of its type, was finally readied for use.
___C____10. A longtime friend and confident, the psycologist was often invited over for Sunday dinner.
Pada kalimat 2, 4, 7 tidak terdapat subjek sehingga
dibutuhkan subjek untuk membenarkan kalimattersebut.
Sementara kalimat 9 terdapat subjek, verb, dan appositive. Hanya saja tidak terdapat koma setelah subjeknya (computer).
Sementara kalimat 9 terdapat subjek, verb, dan appositive. Hanya saja tidak terdapat koma setelah subjeknya (computer).
sumber
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